Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer develops when there is an abnormal growth of tissue in the bladder, most commonly in the epithelial lining. It is one of the most common types of cancer and comparatively occurs more in men.

Types of Bladder Cancer

Non-invasive

The cancer is present in the inner layer of cells (transitional epithelium) but has not spread to deeper layers.

Invasive

The cancer grows into the lamina propria or even deeper into the muscle layer. Invasive cancers are more likely to spread in the body.

Urothelial Carcinoma

It begins in the urothelial cells lining the bladder. This usually happens when cancer-causing agents (carcinogens) pass out in the urine.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cells develop in the bladder lining in response to irritation and inflammation. Over time, these cells may become cancerous.

Adenocarcinoma

It begins in the fat or muscle layers of the bladder that make up mucus-secreting glands. It is a rare type of bladder cancer and is likely to spread to other parts of the body.

Papillary Carcinomas

This tumor often grows toward the center of the bladder without growing into the deeper bladder layers. Very low-grade, non-invasive papillary cancer is sometimes called papillary neoplasm.

Flat Carcinomas In Situ (CIS)

This flat tumor is only present in the inner layer of bladder cells and does not grow toward the hollow part of the bladder. It is also known as non-invasive flat carcinoma.

Sarcoma

It starts in the muscle cells of the bladder and is a rare variant of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).

Signs & Symptoms of Bladder Cancer

Burning feeling during urination
Frequent/urgent need to urinate
Pain in pelvis
Blood in urine

Treatment of Bladder Cancer

Surgery

Surgery is the most common form of treatment for bladder cancer. There are various forms of surgery that can be used at different stages of bladder cancer.

Transurethral Resection (TUR)

In this treatment, a type of rigid cystoscope called a resectoscope is placed into the bladder which removes any abnormal tissues or tumors. Any remaining cancer may be treated by fulguration (burning the base of the tumor) using the cystoscope.

Cystectomy

When bladder cancer is invasive, all or part of the bladder may need to be removed. There are two types of cystectomy.

Partial Cystectomy – It removes the part of the bladder wall as well as the nearby lymph nodes.
Radical Cystectomy – It removes the entire bladder and nearby lymph nodes. In men, the prostate is also removed. In women, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and a small portion of the vagina may be removed.

Therapy

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells, usually by stopping their ability to grow and divide. The patient may receive one drug at a time or a combination of different drugs at the same time.
Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy x-rays or other particles to destroy cancer cells. There are two types of radiation treatment – external beam (given from outside the body) and brachytherapy (given using implants).
Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy uses a medication that triggers the immune system to attack and kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy for bladder cancer is usually performed using the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine (commonly known as BCG).

Send Enquiry to know in More Detail

Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptat.

Learn More